Ra'am originated in an electoral alliance formed before the 1996 elections, bringing together the Arab Democratic Party and the southern branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel, led by Sheikh Abdullah Nimar Darwish. Under the name Mada-Ra'am, the list won four seats. The movement's Shura Council guides parliamentary votes.
After fluctuating results in the 1990s and 2000s (five seats in 1999, two in 2003, an alliance with Ta'al from 2006 to 2013), the party joined the Joint List in 2015 alongside Hadash, Balad, Ta'al and the Islamic Movement, to cross the electoral threshold, which had been raised to 3.25%.
Mansour Abbas took over the party's leadership in 2018 and steered Ra'am toward direct engagement with Israeli domestic politics, prioritizing the fight against crime, employment and infrastructure in Arab society, breaking with the traditional opposition stance of Arab parties.
The Joint List split in January 2021. In the March 2021 elections, Ra'am won four seats and became the kingmaker in the formation of the government.
On June 2, 2021, Abbas signed a historic coalition agreement: this was the first time an independent Arab party had joined the Israeli government, and the first participation of an Arab party in government in more than 50 years.
The party held the first primary in its history on August 22, 2026. Its separation from the southern branch of the Islamic Movement was finalized in July 2026. It is running independently in 2026, following the failure of negotiations to reconstitute a united Arab list.
On September 23, 2026, the Central Elections Committee voted (18 votes to 5) to disqualify Ra'am from the October 27, 2026 election, on the basis of accusations of support for armed struggle. The Israeli attorney general opposed this, describing the petition as “very thin” and finding that Mansour Abbas's statements show that he recognizes Israel's Jewish character. The case is on appeal before the Supreme Court. No final decision had been confirmed as of September 28, 2026.
On October 2, 2026, the Supreme Court unanimously overturned Ra'am's disqualification (as well as that of the Joint List), ruling that the evidence presented did not meet the strict criteria established by case law. The party is therefore allowed to run on October 27, 2026.
Mansour Abbas heads the list for the October 27, 2026 election, with Yoav Segalovitz in second place. He announced in August 2026 that this would be his last candidacy and that he would leave the Knesset at the end of the next parliamentary term, in accordance with the party's statutory limit of three consecutive terms.